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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

依法保护女性生育权益 “冷冻胚胎案”入选最高法典型案例******

　　光明网北京1月12日电 （记者 孙满桃）涉冷冻胚胎等相关民事纠纷处理，是司法实践中的前沿问题，也是社会高度关注的问题。

　　在民法典施行两周年之际，最高人民法院今日举行新闻发布会，发布第二批人民法院贯彻实施民法典典型案例。记者注意到，一起冷冻胚胎案，即“邹某玲诉某医院医疗服务合同纠纷案”入选。

　　这起案件，人民法院判决支持丧偶的邹某玲有权请求医院继续为其实施胚胎移植手术。

　　最高法认为，该案是依法保护女性生育权益的具体实践，体现了司法对妇女合法权益的有效维护，具有积极的导向意义。

　　2020年，邹某玲与丈夫陈某平因生育障碍问题，为实施试管婴儿辅助生育手术到被告湖南省某医院处进行助孕治疗，并于2020年10月1日签署了《助孕治疗情况及配子、胚胎处理知情同意书》等材料。因邹某玲的身体原因暂不宜实施胚胎移植手术，某医院对符合冷冻条件的4枚胚胎于当日进行冷冻保存。

　　2021年5月，陈某平死亡。后邹某玲要求被告继续为其实施胚胎移植手术，但某医院以不能够为单身妇女实施辅助生殖术为由拒绝。

　　法院生效裁判认为，有关行政规范性文件规定“禁止给单身妇女实施人类辅助生殖技术”的主要目的是为了防止单身妇女通过实施辅助生殖技术规避婚姻和家庭的责任，保障我国正常的家庭伦理秩序和风俗。但原告是否属于条文中的“单身妇女”需要结合规范目的及本案的案情综合看待。

　　“单身妇女”应当指未有配偶者到医院实施人类辅助生殖技术的情形，原告是已实施完胚胎培育后丧偶的妇女，与上述规定所指实施胚胎移植手术的单身妇女有本质区别。

　　目前对于丧偶妇女要求继续移植与丈夫已受精完成的胚胎进行生育，法律并无禁止性规定。原告欲继续实施人类辅助生殖，既是为了寄托对丈夫的哀思，也是为人母的责任与担当的体现，符合人之常情和社会公众一般认知，不违背公序良俗。因此判决湖南省某医院继续履行与原告的医疗服务合同。

　　最高法认为，该案是依照民法典和《妇女权益保障法》相关规定的精神，保护丧偶妇女辅助生育权益的典型案例。审理法院结合案情和《人类辅助生殖技术规范》《人类辅助生殖技术和人类精子库伦理原则》有关“禁止给单身妇女实施人类辅助生殖技术”的规范目的，依法认定本案原告丧偶后与上述规定中的“单身妇女”有本质不同，从而确认了“丧偶妇女”继续实施人类辅助生殖技术的正当性。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）